Psychodynamic Theories Essay

As a gathering in the course of the most recent couple of weeks we have been dicussing has a gathering the 3 primary hypotheses of advising and after cautious thought ive picked to do my introduction on the psychodynamic hypothesis. Psychodynamics is the hypothesis and deliberate investigation of the mental powers that underlie human conduct. It is particularly keen on the dynamic relations among cognizant and oblivious inspiration . Psychodynamic treatments rely on a hypothesis of internal clash, wherein stifled practices and feelings surface into the patient’s awareness; for the most part, one clash is subliminal . Psychodynamics was at first evolved by Sigmund Freud ,Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. By the mid 1940s and into the 1950s, the general use of the â€Å"psychodynamic theory† had been entrenched. When discussing Psychodynamic hypothesis the primary name that flies into most people groups heads is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was Born in Austria on May 6, 1856, Sigmund Freud estimated and rehearsed neuropsychology, concentrating first craziness and afterward sexuality. A profoundly disputable scholarly figure of the twentieth century, he considered dreams, characterized what he called the Oedipus unpredictable and spread out three phases of childish sexual improvement . He stays one of the most persuasive figures in today’s world. His name alone represents the significance of his hypotheses, and the name that comes to most people’s heads when saying the word brain research is Sigmund Freud. Freud was a psychodynamic clinician and that originated from Freud’s see on the brain is looking like a chunk of ice. He accepts that mankind’s mind works in the oblivious. Each decision that humankind makes he knows about, yet perhaps the results of our activity may be obscure. The Structure of Personality which is another intriguing piece of Freud’s hypothesis essentially expresses that we have an ID, a Superego and an Ego. The ID is a natural store of inclinations and motivations that should be delighted. He says the ID doesn't have a cognizant , it follows up on intuition and it searches out satisfaction and joy. It is the joy rule. The Superego is the Morality Principle, and the Superego realizes the distinction among good and bad. The Superego is a lot of scholarly disguised ethics and estimations of society. This isâ basically what holds the ID within proper limits. Freud said that Superego is our cognizant, and that the Superego is the most amazing asset (blame and pride). To wrap things up is the Ego, which is the truth standard. The Ego finds socially satisfactory approaches to fulfill the ID. It finds the harmony between the ID and reality. The elements of the Ego is to discover a trade off between the ID and the Superego. The Ego should likewise figure out how to manage uneasiness, and it additionally assists with boosting the confidence. Without the Ego there would be no psychological wellness. Subsequent to looking into Freud’s hypothesis of the Structure of Personality I feel we have various pieces of our conduct that we can control and that we are cognizant about and there are different practices that come legitimately from our oblivious . Our sense of self deceives us, denies, adulterates, and misshapes reality which thus makes us make what Freud likes to call the seven guard instruments. The first of the seven protection instruments is Repression. Restraint pushes the issue to the psyche. It is the prohibition of driving forces and contemplations from the cognizant brain. Next comes Denial, and forswearing is the cutting of the cognizant psyche from outside dangers. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 3 A case of this would be the point at which you are strolling in the shopping center with your sweetheart and a lovely lady strolls by and you look however when your better half asks you state, â€Å"I wasn’t taking a gander at her. † Next there is a resistance component called Sublimation which is the changing of terrible conduct and driving forces into socially satisfactory conduct and motivations. One case of this could be playing football for a grant so as to attend a university. Another safeguard instrument is Reaction Formation which is an advancement of conduct inverse of that which brings you tension . The following component is called Projection whichis when the oblivious attribution of your contemplations and sentiments is brought onto others. Discovering imperfections in others is a genuine case of Projection. Uprooting is the following guard instrument, and this is the point at which an inclination is set onto another article. Taking out indignation onto others when you should be distraught at yourself. To wrap things up is the barrier system of Rationalization which is giving a valid justification instead of the genuine explanation. Another notable therapist which is really an understudy of Freuds’ is Carl Jung who is additionally a psychodynamic analyst, Carl Jung was brought into the world July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland and he went somewhat more profound than Freud did in his hypotheses and he challenges a portion of his thoughts. One is that Jung’s chunk of ice is straight up and at the highest point of the ice sheet is the inner self, and the level underneath that is the individual oblivious, and the last degree of the ice shelf is at long last the aggregate oblivious which is nearly the specific contrary energies of Freud’s. What I mean by more profound is that he feels that man isn't simply sexual yet otherworldly also. He says that the significant distinction in man depends on the Libido which is your sex drive. As should be obvious Jung has an a lot more extensive degree of human intrigue. Jung hypotheses are unequivocally founded on Darwin’s hypothesis of Evolution. Jung thinks we developed typically which has permitted us to succeed and push ahead so as to stay aware of society. The following piece of Carl Jung’s hypothesis is the Archetypal Complex, which are regular methods of managing the world. As such it’s a hereditarily transmitted reaction technique. It guarantees endurance. There are two instances of Archetypal Complexes and they are the foe prime example and the social model. . There are models in regular daily existence when an individual doesn't have the foggiest idea what something is they promptly give a type of animosity or disappointment which demonstrates they fear what is extraordinary or what they don't generally have a clue or comprehend. The social original fundamentally implies quality in numbers. Likewise the social original is the thing that we look to for help and hope to connect and associate with. The reaction procedure is to build up a need to adjust. With the entire thought of Archetypal Complexes various individuals utilize various approaches to manage the world’s issues, and adversary prime example couldn't be progressively exact about humankind being compromised by something that is extraordinary. The following piece of Jung’s hypothesis is the possibility of Individuation which is the reconciliation of our cognizant view of the outside world with our oblivious original encounters. Polarities, which are inverse boundaries, which ties in the Principle of entropy which, is a condition of confusion and a haphazardness of vitality. The exact opposite thing Jung states in his hypothesis is the possibility of completeness which is having the two polarities of our life met. Carl Jung’s hypothesis challenges a lot of Freud’s, yet here and there is comparable. Jung gets more into man being more profound than sexual which is nearly something contrary to Freud. The following analyst that I will make reference to will be a social psychodynamic therapist by the name of Alfred Adler. Adler was conceived on February 7, 1870 and Adler’s hypothesis expresses that we all are brought into the world with a feeling of inadequacy as prove by how feeble and powerless an infant is. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 4 By this, Adler had the option to clarify that this mediocrity is a pivotal piece of our character, as in it is the main thrust that pushes us to endeavor so as to get predominant. Notwithstanding the Inferiority Theory of Personality, Adler likewise considers birth request as a central point in the advancement of our character. He accepted that originally conceived youngsters may feel second rate and may even create feeling of inadequacy once their more youthful kin shows up. The center conceived youngsters, then again, are not as spoiled as their more established or more youthful kin, however they have a feeling of prevalence over depose their more seasoned kin in a sound rivalry. In this manner they have the best potential to be fruitful throughout everyday life. The most youthful youngsters may feel like they have minimal capacity to impact different individuals from the family. Since they are regularly the most spoiled, they may create character issues of inadequacy simply like the primary conceived. He was significantly less of a cynic than Freud was; Almost a direct inverse from Freud. Adler accepted that society blocks people. His perspective on the brain is a lot of like Carl Jung’s, however as opposed to having the conscience at the top he has the cognizant at the top with the oblivious on the base. He felt that social interests drive inspiration, which is an inborn drive to be social and to have a place. He likewise expressed in his hypothesis that humankind is subject to other people and their responses and their acknowledgment which thusly leaves humanity entirely powerless. The fundamental thought of this hypothesis is that he feels that humankind is more social than organic. An incredible model ofthis would be that in today’s schools there are inner circles and families of various individuals that vibe that they are cooler or preferred and over the individuals who are not as well known do whatever they can to fit in with a specific gathering. Young people these days are presumably the best model there is of Adler’s hypothesis of social intrigue. Another piece of Adler’s hypothesis that he raises is simply the possibility of the inventive which he says drives us toward human instinct. There are two sections to this hypothesis and they are the predominance complex and the feeling of inadequacy. Most importantly the prevalence complex states humanity attempts over better itself so as to defeat our shortcomings. The second piece of this hypothesis is the feeling of inadequacy which is when society measures

A comparison and contrast whether Aunt Sylvie would raise the girls better or the state in the the novel Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson. Includes three intext citations and 3 works cited.

An examination and complexity whether Aunt Sylvie would raise the young ladies better or the state in the novel Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson. Incorporates three intext references and 3 works refered to. Matthew S. BurkholderMrs. Cindy LaCom4/5/2005The tale Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson, happens in the anecdotal town of Fingerbone. Fingerbone is a bleak little town that is inclined to flooding and incident. The story starts by clarifying how their granddad was slaughtered in a train wreck. More hardship comes when their mom acquires their neighbor's vehicle and drives it off a precipice. After their moms self destruction Lily and Nora come to help raise the principle character Ruthie, and her sister Lucille. Not long after the grandmas feel they are illsuited to raise two little youngsters and send for their Aunt Sylvie to come live with them. The young ladies before long find their auntie is a great deal unique in relation to the normal occupant of Fingerbone. She has a superfluous flexibly of papers and tin jars, and she doesn't prefer to turn the lights on in the house. She additionally receives various lost felines and takes an early afternoon rest on a recreation center se at around square.English: Ruthie Foster @ Liri Blues 2010 Italiano:...Even more bizarre she conveys wafers in her pocket for the pretend kids in the forested areas and vanishes into the mountains for a considerable length of time at once. Her absence of duty splittingly affects the sisters own relationship. Ruthie is a tall and clumsy young person. She never appears to fit in at school, and seriously needs to follow Sylvie's free-vivacity. Be that as it may, the more youthful Lucille needs security and wants to have a place. Lucille attempts to enable her more seasoned sister to change, however is met with obstruction from Ruthie. Lucille chooses she has had enough and goes to live with an educator from school. Tragically the townspeople of Fingerbone this that Aunt Sylvie is an awful impact and that she ought to start thinking responsibly. In any case, Ruthie and Sylvie can't adjust, thus they...

How to Write a Thematic Essay

How to Write a Thematic Essay There are multiple types of academic writings and essays are amongst them. In return, essays are likewise various and each requires a special attention and individual approach. Thus, many students struggle hard when trying to compose a thematic essay. In order to understand how to write a good thematic essay, one should define its meaning. This type should develop the central theme of the chosen literary work or historic events with the implementation of literary devices. These devices might be metaphor, foreshadowing, and the others. The target of the author is to uncover the prime subject introducing the evidence and expressing the general importance of the discussed theme. After understanding the thematic essay meaning, you ought to realize the major reasons to write a strong essay. The main thing dances around the person who writes the essay. This is a personal interpretation, which always differs from a case to case. It is supposed to be convincing, focus on essential topics and reveal their significance. The next crucial point about learning how to write a thematic essay is the selection of an appropriate topic. It should be relevant to the current society even if it is needed to debate concerning events that took place in the far past. You may surf the Internet and find sought-after and important topics. You can likewise ask your teachers and professors, or study the local libraries on the necessary matter. Select the one, which would be interesting for your audience. Stages of a Thematic Essay Give heed to the structure. The thematic essay format is absolutely standard. It won’t be fundamentally different. It consists of the powerful introduction, an interesting content, and a memorable conclusion. You will require an effective plan. As soon as you choose your topic, you should find all possible informative sources (the Internet, your academic supervisor, library and other sources) and note them. Afterward, you should refine the received materials and leave out all insignificant details. Hold on to the proven and effective information. Then, you may structure your paper. There are many detailed guides on how to write an introduction for a thematic essay. However, all of them are pretty similar and standard. The main objective of any introduction is to inform the audience about what you will research in your paper. You should specify your topic and explain its significance. Mind that it should be hooking. Use your originality, special literary techniques to strengthen the significance. Oftentimes, the introduction contains thesis. It explains the readers your major goal and the way you are going to discover your main question. Summarize all subjects and identify the most meaningful, which would make the greatest and lasting impact. The major plot develops your main idea. It ought to strengthen your arguments with proper examples, some illustrations and so on. Be sure that the facts you are using in your paper are official and important. However, if you are to discuss some book it may depend only on your own opinion. You should likewise figure out how to write a conclusion for a thematic essay. This is a brief summary of your main objective. You should retell the whole story in other words. Be effective and logical. Mention the results you have gained and explain their importance. Tips for Writing a Thematic Essay If you wish to write a perfect thematic essay, you should know about some smart tips. These are: Pick up the prevalent subject. It is the general topic of the held conversation. This is a specific talking point, which interacts with the theme. Your subject may be love, courage, and something of the kind. Gather the facts. The initial step is to find the relevant facts associated with your topic. Make sure they can be trusted. Afterward, identify the most suitable ones and use them in your paper. Make a plan. Create an outline, which is dependent on your topic and the found facts. It should include the common sections â€" introduction, main plot, and conclusion. Begin at the end. Omit writing it first and write it in the end. After you have a plain understanding and results of your work, you will know how to write a hooking beginning. Spot the major points. Define the series of crucial points and the materials, which will support them. You should be confident that you put the correct questions and give the accurate answers. Claim the thesis. Write an argumentative statement, which would fully reflect your main objectives and purposes. Write it clearly and concisely. Explain the arguments. Develop your thesis in the main plot section. For instance, you may compare some historical events with similar ones that took place in another epoch and state their differences and similarities. Preview the conclusion. Define the overall significance in a short paragraph. Prior to writing the defining part, make sure you have already answered all necessary points and use other words to interpret the outcomes. Writing a thematic essay, you will obligatorily face lots of challenges. Nonetheless, if using these tips and trying some other smart techniques you will manage to accomplish it quickly and successfully. Best Thematic Essay Topic Ideas One of the inevitable contributors to your academic success is the choice of a proper topic. Here is a list of thematic essay topics: What does George Orwell show after making a portrait of a “Perfect Utopia” in “1984”? The topic of the “lost generation” as the main motive of books written by Eric Remarque. The main ideas concerning the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. How did Japan manage to get out of economic crisis after the World War II? The belief systems in African countries. The most renowned political leaders of the 20th century. The question of nationalism in Germany during the World War II. What are the most significant political changes in the Middle East? Finally, you should make use out of the thematic essay sample. In such event, you will learn more about how to complete this particular piece of writing.

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The Between Cathedrals And Universities - 1096 Words

David Drogos Theology 11- Honors Mr. Sebik 12-1-15 Sacramental History- Confirmation The growth in the number of Cathedrals and Universities were better known in the middle ages. Universities were for higher learning and were spread out in England, France, Italy and especially Spain (predominantly catholic country)(Scannell). Bishops created schools for preaching. The Renaissance was largely known for its contributions to architecture, literature, and painting. Common features that were lacking in gothic Cathedrals during the Renaissance were domes (Scannell). Saint Thomas Aquinas said that Confirmation and baptism are closely related like water is a river. The confirmation candidates should be in a state of grace. Confirmation is received by people who are committing mortal sins. Saint Thomas thought that Confirmation was not created as necessary for salvation, but that by virtue thereof we might be found well prepared when we are called upon to fight for Christ. The institute of Confirmation belongs to Christ alone and we need to r ealize that this is a close and intimate sacrament, Christ did not just show up and give it to us, it is granted. Saint Thomas was also responsible for teaching the Apostles about the sacred Chrism that is used in this sacrament (Scannell). The Protestant reformation was a literal rejection of the structures and beliefs that define the church as who and what it is as a whole. The reformation challenged papal authority andShow MoreRelated Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. 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For adultsRead MoreKey Characteristics of Gothic Architecture1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhat architectural changes were necessary in the shift from Romanesque to Gothic cathedrals in Europe and what inspirational changes influenced these changes? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation’s purpose is to analyze the changes in the architectural technique of the Romanesque style of architecture and come to a conclusion as to whether the shift in technique led to the rise of the more grandiose Gothic architecture in Europe. All art is inspired and the influences that caused the changeRead MoreIn Literature, There Are Genres. Two Main Genres Are Fiction1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthe difference†¦?). Nonfiction stories may be more relatable to some people because it is based on the facts and the reader might have experienced what the story is about. â€Å"Directness and clarity are most important in non-fiction works† (â€Å"Difference Between Fiction and Nonfiction†). It is an informative type of writing that is fully based on real people, events, and feelings. The function of the nonfiction genre is to portray the reality of the author’s storytelling technique. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is

Pros and Cons Fire Hydraulics today. Free Essays

In the fire service today many new up and coming firefighters are taught that when operating the pump on the truck â€Å"It set Is you Just move these levers and It will flow. I believe there is pros and cons to this tactic that has been adapted. While making It easier on new recruits to learn how to operate the equipment, It also denies them of the deep knowledge of the equipment and the ability to react to situations outside the norm. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Fire Hydraulics today. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the pros to the set It and forget It style of teaching new firefighters Is of ours the ease of learning. If you don’t have to learn calculations and be able to do them on the fly you can be trained In a shorter time period, becoming an effective member on the fire scene In less time and for less cost to the city who you are employed. This tactic also allows for more people to be trained on the equipment in a shorter time. On the other hand though some cons to this style of teaching is that new members lack the ability to adjust to unforeseen circumstances. They are never taught the necessary skills to run into a sticky situation and be able to make needed adjustments to get themselves and others out safely. When safety should be top priority firefighters and equipment operators need to be trained as much as possible. The last thing you want is to have something happen where you lose incoming pressure or a pump and not be able to react and adjust to keep your guys on the inside with vital water to flow. In my opinion on the matter I absolutely believe that people should be trained to a point where they understand the equipment not Just where to slide the handle or which knob to turn and how far. The ability to calculate the water pressures and aka necessary adjustments is a vital task that is part of being a pump operator. I believe that more people should be trained to that level and should also pass there training and knowledge on to new people Joining the fire service. Those are just some of the pros and cons to additional training of fire service members when it comes to operating the bumper. There are numerous other pros for making operation of this equipment simpler as well as plenty of cons that go with It as well. Pros and Cons Fire Hydraulics today. By John-Likewise when operating the pump on the truck â€Å"it set is you Just move these levers and it will low’. I believe there is pros and cons to this tactic that has been adapted. While making it easier on new recruits to learn how to operate the equipment, it also Some of the pros to the set it and forget it style of teaching new firefighters is of them on the fly you can be trained in a shorter time period, becoming an effective member on the fire scene in less time and for less cost to the city who you are training and knowledge on to new people Joining the fire service. Those are Just some equipment simpler as well as plenty of cons that go with it as well. How to cite Pros and Cons Fire Hydraulics today., Papers

The Role of Women in the Musical Life of the 19th Century free essay sample

The Romantic Imagination (2103 QCM) Semester 2, 2012 Convenor – Mr. Stephen Emmerson The role of women in the musical life of the 19th century. Due: 4 October 2012 The 19th century was an era of change. There were lots of progression in technology, science, and philosophy that gradually turned European society away from the past centuries. Women’s status in the 19th century Europe also changed. Many of the 19th century women were able to have a profession as they received higher and wider education, and also allowed to have more participation in society. In the musical life of 19th century Europe, numbers of women were able to perform and compose as good and men. However, their opportunities were still limited by tradition. Therefore, the role of the 19th century women as performers and composers was not equal to men, as can be seen in the case of Fanny Hansel, a sibling of the well known composer Felix Mendelssohn. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Women in the Musical Life of the 19th Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the beginning of the 19th century, the numbers of female amateur musicians rose due to the increasingly prosperity of the middle classes. According to Reich (1991), most women from well-to-do families had an opportunity to learn to play the piano or sing in order to improve their marriage opportunities as well as to provide entertainment. However, the influence of the Enlightenment philosophy from the past century indicated that women should only be educated to become a wife and a mother, preventing the early 19th century women from taking music as a profession (Halstead, 1997). In the same way, Fanny Mendelssohn, the eldest child of a wealthy converted Jewish family in 19th century Germany was given piano lessons from a young age by her mother, then continued to study with several famous pianists until she became an excellent pianist. At the age of thirteen she demonstrated her amazing musical memory by playing all preludes from the first book of Bach’s Well -Tempered Clavier by heart (Tillard, 1996). Fanny was given musical composition lessons by Carl Friedrich Zelter in 1818 along with her brother, Felix. The two siblings learned to write songs with piano accompaniment, fugues, and chamber music. Even though their parents were proud of their progress in musical composition, only Felix was encouraged to take music as a profession. Fanny’s father stated in a letter which he wrote in 1820 that she must perform and compose only for leisure. Therefore, Fanny and Felix started to concentrate on different forms of music. The table from The Mendelssohns (Cooper amp; Prandi, 2002, p. 242) shows that from 1820 Felix started to pay more attention to instrumental works, as he composed four piano sonatas, two piano quartets, and two violin sonatas during 1820 to 1823. On the other hand, Fanny concentrated on Lied, a German art song which was popular in the 19th century (Orrey amp; Warrack). From 1821 to 1823 she composed only two piano sonatas, one piano quartet and a movement of a violin sonata. During the 19th century, women were not allowed to compose some forms of music. Music form was divided into feminine genre and masculine genre. Sophisticated and large scale compositions such as sonatas and symphonies belong to the masculine genre and were not considered suitable for women. The acceptable genres of music for women were music for domestic entertainment such as a short piano piece, a vocal pieces with piano accompaniment, and chamber music (Martin, 2004). In addition, the music composed by women was considered a part of leisure activity. Therefore, they were rarely published and performed in the public. Like other women of her time, Fanny composed only feminine genre music. Among 500 of her compositions, around 300 of them are Lied, over 100 are piano pieces, 30 choral works, 6 chamber music, 4 cantatas, and 1 oratorio (Sirota, 1981). Her only instrumental work is the overture in C major which she composed in 1830. On the other hand, Felix’s compositions are in various forms, from a large scale work such as opera, symphony, concerto to Lied and keyboard solo pieces. The style of Felix and Fanny was very similar, mainly because they studied with the same teacher, and grew up in the same environment. Moreover, they often exchanged musical opinions, and critiqued each other’s music when they grew up. Many historians say that Fanny was inspired by Felix, but some of their works show that they were inspired by each others. Between November 1839 to May 1840 Fanny was traveling in Italy. A year later she composed Il Saltarello romano, a piano piece which was inspired by her traveling experience. However, it contains a rhythmic pattern, and a motif which is reminiscent of the last movement of Felix’s Italian Symphony, composed in 1833. Therefore, it is possible that Fanny was also inspired by her brother’s symphony (Cooper amp; Prandi, 2002). On the other hand, Felix’s Andante in G major Op. 62 No. 1 from Songs Without Words Book 5 composed in 1844 is very similar to Fanny’s Andante in G major Op. No. 1 composed in 1836. These two Andante have very similar openings which consisted of an anacrusis followed by a dominant seventh, then resolved down. Moreover, it is obvious that Felix’s Andante has a similar melodic structure to Fanny’s. Even through the Mendelssohn sibling’s composition style were very similar, there are some characteristic in Fanny’s composition which are different from her brother’s. Fanny’s style of composition is considered not as expressive as Felix’s, but it is much more sophisticated, and has a freer range and form (Cooper amp; Prandi, 2002). All of Fanny’s compositions were performed only in her private concert that was held at her house every weekend, while Felix’s compositions were performed in many countries all over Europe. Felix started publishing his work in 1822 when he was a teenager, but Fanny was forbidden by her father to get her compositions published because of the social status problem. â€Å"For an upper-class 19th century woman, receiving money for musical activities meant compromising her social position, and Fanny’s social position was made more precarious by her status as a converted Jew† (Kimber, 2002, p. 18). However, Fanny published some of her works under her brother’s name. Later in 1846, she started published her compositions under her own name after she received approval from Felix, but most of her works were published by her family after her death. Women in the 19th century were allowed to play only some instruments such as piano and harp. They were not encour aged to play instruments such as the organ which was associate with religious practice, or percussion and some wind instruments which required movement to play them were considered unfeminine (Reich, 1991). In the late 19th century, women violinists, cellists, and flutists became much more acceptable, but they were not allowed to join the orchestra. Some women pianists could perform in public, for example, Clara Schumann who was born into a musical family, and had been performing since she was a girl. On the other hand, in Fanny’s case, the social status of her family prevented her from doing all public activities (Glickman amp; Schleifer, 2003). The only time that Fanny performed in public was at a charity concert held on 27 February 1838 when she played the piano concerto in G minor composed by her brother. While Felix traveled, conducted and gave concerts all over Europe, Fanny could only perform in the Sunday music salon which her father formed in 1823. However, Fanny’s role in her house concert was not only as a pianist. Besides playing piano, she also arranged concert programs on her own. Various types of music were performed in her concerts. The list from her diary written on 28 October 1833 shows her plan for the next concerts which included the works of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, her brother Felix, and others contemporary composers (Tillard, 1996). Fanny also worked as a conductor when choral works were included in the programs. Moreover, many large scale works such as opera, cantata, and oratorio were occasionally performed. In 1831 Fanny composed a cantata that contained a choral ensemble and a full orchestra with wind instruments which she rehearsed and conducted on her own. From the mid of the 19th century many conservatories in Europe expanded opportunities for women to take classes in musical performance and composition. For example, the Leipzig conservatory which had thirty three male and eleven female students in the first class opened in 1843. However, male and female students studied in different classes, and received different instruction. It was acceptable for women to become private music teachers. Women could be employed as a professor in some conservatories such as the Paris Conservatoire, but they were able to teach only female students, while male professors could teach both male and female students (Glickman amp; Schleifer, 2003). To conclude, women in the 19th century had an opportunity to receive a musical education until many of them could perform and compose as well as men. However, the tradition which strictly separated men and women’s roles, and excluded women from public activities prevented them from a full musical career. Fanny Mendelssohn is an obvious example of the life of most of 19th century women composers and performers whose opportunities were limited under the frame of male dominated tradition, and society’s rules. Nevertheless, their legacy which remains until the present day proved that 19th century women could have served an equal role in musical careers as men.

Inspirational Quotes on Getting Better

Inspirational Quotes on Getting Better Somebody once said, The biggest room in the world is the room for improvement. We can always make room in our lives to get better, whether that means improving our health, our finances or our personal relationships. Even if we think things are perfect, theres likely a small area or two where we could put in a little extra work. Thats not to say that self-improvement is always easy: Its not. But sometimes the words of others who have been through similar struggles can give us the inspiration to carry on and change our lives for the better. Here are some famous and inspiring quotes about improving and getting better. Quotes on Self-Improvement from Writers Those with a talent for expressing themselves in words frequently offer insights the rest of us might not think of. But any writer whos ever worked with an editor knows all about the need to constantly improve and strive to be better. Any activity becomes creative when the doer cares about doing it right, or better.- John Updike Do not bother just to be better than your contemporaries or predecessors. Try to be better than yourself.- William Faulkner Dont be afraid to give your best to what seemingly are small jobs. Every time you conquer one it makes you that much stronger. If you do the little jobs well, the big ones will tend to take care of themselves. -   Dale Carnegie Go confidently in the direction of your dreams! Live the life youve imagined.-   Henry David Thoreau There is only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving, and thats your own self.-   Aldous Huxley More Quotes About Getting Better Of course, sometimes inspiration comes from philosophers, business people, and entertainers. No one really has a lock on the self-improvement gig. But its up to you to decide how to apply these quotes in your life. The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential... these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence.- Confucius Become addicted to constant and never-ending self-improvement.- Anthony J. DAngelo Before everything else; getting ready is the secret of success. Dont find fault. Find a remedy.- Henry Ford Dont start living tomorrow, tomorrow never arrives. Start working on your dreams and ambitions today.  -   Unknown Author Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better.- Emile Coue Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious.-   Stephen Hawking God has entrusted me with myself.-   Epictetus Good, better, best; never let it rest till your good is better and your better is best.- Unknown Author Believe in yourself. Have faith in your abilities. Without a humble but reasonable confidence in your own powers, you cannot be successful or happy.-   Norman Vincent Peale Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small. A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.- Lao Tzu

René Descartes Proofs of Gods Existence

Renà © Descartes Proofs of Gods Existence Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) Proofs of Gods Existence is a series of arguments that he posits in his 1641 treatise (formal philosophical observation) Meditations on First Philosophy, first appearing in Meditation III. of God: that He exists. and discussed in more depth in Meditation V: Of the essence of material things, and, again, of God, that He exists. Descartes  is known for these original arguments that hope to prove Gods existence, but later philosophers have often critiqued his proofs as being too narrow and relying on a very suspect premise (Hobbes) that an image of God exists within mankind. In any case, understanding them is essential to understanding Descartes later work Principles of Philosophy (1644) and his Theory of Ideas. The structure of Meditations on First Philosophy - whos translated subtitle reads in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated - is fairly straightforward. It begins with a letter of dedication to The Sacred Faculty of Theology in Paris, where he submitted it originally in 1641, a preface to the reader, and finally a synopsis of the six meditations that would follow. The rest of the treatise is meant to be read as if each Meditation takes place a day after the one prior. Dedication and Preface In the dedication, Descartes  implores the University of Paris (Sacred Faculty of Theology) to protect and keep his treatise and posit the method he hopes to ascribe to assert the claim of Gods existence philosophically rather than theologically. In order to do this, Descartes  posits he must make an argument that avoids critics accusations that the proof relies on circular reasoning. In proving the existence of God from a philosophical level, he would be able to appeal to non-believers as well. The other half of the method relies on his ability to demonstrate that man is sufficient to discover God on his own, which is indicated in the Bible and other such religious scriptures as well. Fundaments of the Argument In preparation of the main claim, Descartes discerns thoughts could be divided into three kinds of operations of thought: will, passions and judgment. The first two cannot be said to be true or false, as they do not pretend to represent the way things are. Only among judgments, then, can we find those sorts of thoughts representing something as existing outside of us. Descartes examines his thoughts again to discover which are components of judgment, narrowing his ideas into three types: innate, adventitious (coming from the outside) and fictional (produced internally). Now, adventitious ideas could have been created by Descartes himself. Although they do not depend on his will, he might have a faculty producing them, like the faculty that produces dreams. That is, of those ideas that are adventitious, it might be that we produce them even if we do not do so willingly, as it happens when we are dreaming. Fictional ideas, too, could have clearly been created by Descartes himself. For Descartes, all ideas had a formal and objective reality and consisted of three  metaphysical principles. The first, nothing comes  from nothing, holds that in order for something to exist, something else must have created it. The second holds very much the same concept around formal versus objective reality, stating that more cannot come from less. However, the third principle states that more objective reality cannot come from less formal reality, limiting the objectivity of the self  from affecting the formal reality of others Finally, he posits that there is a hierarchy of beings that can be divided into four categories: material bodies, humans, angels, and God. The only perfect being, in this hierarchy, is God with angels being of pure spirit yet imperfect, humans being a mix of material bodies and spirit, which are imperfect, and material bodies, which are simply called imperfect. Proof of Gods Existence With those preliminary theses at hand, Descartes dives into examining the philosophical possibility of Gods existence in his Third Meditation. He breaks this evidence down into two umbrella categories, called proofs, whose logic is relatively easy to follow. In the first proof, Descartes argues that, by evidence,  he is an imperfect being who has an objective reality including the notion that perfection exists and therefore has a distinct idea of a perfect being (God, for example). Further, Descartes realizes that he is less formally real than the objective reality of perfection and therefore there has to be a perfect being existing formally from whom his innate idea of a perfect being derives wherein he could have created the ideas of all substances, but not the one of God. The second proof then goes on to question who it is then that keeps him - having an idea of a perfect being - in existence, eliminating the possibility that he himself would be able to do. He proves this by saying that he would owe it to himself, if he were his own existence maker, to have given himself all sorts of perfections. The very fact that he is not perfect means he would not bear his own existence. Similarly, his parents, who are also imperfect beings, could not be the cause of his existence since they could not have created the idea of perfection within him. That leaves only a perfect being, God, that would have had to exist to create and be constantly recreating him.   Essentially, Descartes proofs  rely on the belief that by existing, and being born an imperfect being (but with a soul or spirit), one must, therefore, accept that something of more formal reality than ourselves must have created us. Basically, because we exist and are able to think ideas, something must have created us.

Mba marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mba marketing management - Essay Example Attractive packaging and promotions are some of the main marketing strategies being adopted by Coca Cola. framework of the organisation plays an important role in its success. Structural hierarchy involves top management executives to the lower level workers. Proper levels of communication between these groups influence the overall performance of the organisation. The core area of marketing is an exchange which is intended to satisfy human needs or wants. Effective marketing function is mainly focused on proper interaction among the whole team. Management’s main activities are to analyse, plan and implement programs to attain the desired level of targeted market. Currently, Coca Cola sells their products through supermarkets and other big retail outlets. Overseas distribution, through franchisees of Coca Cola Company, ensure that their products reach all parts of the world and that customer satisfaction is maintained through product quality. Coca Cola is the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of non alcoholic beverages. â€Å"Coca-Cola has been named the worlds top brand for a fourth consecutive year in a survey by consultancy Interbrand.† (Coca-Cola Still Worlds Top Brand. (2005)). At present they are operating marketing function in over 200 countries. Moreover they are focusing on a wide range of products. Now they are dominating the non -alcoholic beverage market. Although their nearest rival is Pepsi who is a tough contender, yet Coca Cola has been able to achieve a good market share during the last three years. Coca Cola has a good brand image and this is one of the key competency areas of their marketing strategy. The main objectives of marketing is to create new customers and retain existing customers. In this context, Coca Cola tries to attain their ultimate marketing objective and also innovate certain recent marketing strategies to improve

ESSAY ON TEAM COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING

ON TEAM COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING - Essay Example Effective teams do not disregard problems that emerge from their jobs and interactions. In identifying, analyzing, and solving problems, teams cannot avoid conflict, but practicing open and regular discussion that avoids groupthink can lead to higher team performance output. Problem solving presents conflicts because of differences in various areas, and so teams cannot and should not avoid and overlook them and instead, they should openly and regularly communicate to properly identify, analyze, and resolve these problems. Conflicts have three kinds- relationship, task, and process. Relationship conflict pertains to the knowledge that there are interpersonal differences with affective dimensions that can lead to friction (Jehn and Mannix 238). It tends to be called as a personal kind of conflict because it can arise from not â€Å"liking† a team member because he is annoying or frustrating. Task conflict refers to differences in understanding the task (Jehn and Mannix 238). Pro cess conflict focuses on disagreements that occur because of differences on how tasks should be done (Jehn and Mannix 238). Team members differ on the process of how and when they should finish tasks. Karen A. Jehn and Elizabeth A. Mannix assert that conflicts are dynamic and change throughout time. They conducted a cross-sectional research where they wanted to learn differences in conflicts and their antecedents for high-performing and poor-performing teams. Their sampling included 51 groups with three members each. Respondents were MBA students who are also full-time employees. Their findings showed that conflict is a dynamic, not a static, process. Moreover, for high-performing teams, task conflict was engaged more at the midpoint of their deadlines and that communication through consensus and implementation of tasks resolved the task conflict (Jehn and Mannix 247). Low-performing teams experienced a lower level of task conflict at the middle, but it escalated near the deadline. In addition, their relationship conflict increased at the end of the project, while highly-performing teams did not experience high relationship conflict level at all (Jehn and Mannix 247). The study indicates that teams should not avoid conflict. They should embrace it as part of their dynamics. The key is not letting task and process conflicts become relationship conflicts, so that people can remain objective and patient with one another. High-performing teams know how to communicate to resolve conflicts and to use them to make the right decisions. Through open and regular communication, teams can form the right level of team cognition that allows them to discuss and to resolve problems. Jun He, Brian S. Butler, and William R. King assert that team cognition is important to attaining high-quality team performance. Team cognition refers to the ability of members to tap knowledge that can help them in choosing actions and behaviors that are aligned with team members (He et al. 262). He et al. argue that team cognition is important for the team to predict task and teamwork goals and to collaborate with one another. He et al. hypothesized that team cognition is formed through consistent open discussion and composed of awareness of each other’s expertise and shared understanding of tasks. They examined the formation of team cognition for 51 database development groups. Their findings showed that regular meetings and phone calls were associated with team

A Comparison of The Aeneid and Metamorphoses :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of The Aeneid and Metamorphoses      Ã‚   Both Vergil and Ovid imbedded underlying meanings in their epics The Aeneid and Metamorphoses.   In this paper I will focus on the underlying meaning in the Underworld scene in Vergil's The Aeneid (lines 356 through 1199).   I will also focus on three scenes in Ovid's Metamorphoses.   Both epics contain a larger message about the importance of the Roman past for its present and future under Augustus.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story of Aeneas in the Underworld can be interpreted as a brilliant rendition of the story of Rome's past, present, and future.   When Aeneas descends into the Underworld, he is escorted by the Sibyl (lines 347 - 349). This gives the readers a clue that what is to happen in the upcoming text is a foretelling of Roman future because the Sibyl was a prophetess (Course Packet, p16).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Aeneas enters the Underworld, he sees numerous horrible sights: Grief, Disease, Old Age, Fear, Hunger, and several others. (Lines 356 - 379)   These unsettling and dark words bring difficult images to the reader's mind.   These lines foretell that there will be difficulties while Rome is in its infancy through phrases like "lonely night" and "phantom kingdom".   Rome did indeed have difficulties in its infancy; in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE it was ruled by Etruscan kings and was only "... a little hill town." (Short Histories, p20)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lines 390 through 549 in The Aeneid deal with the crossing of the River Styx.   This represents a great transition period in Rome.   It symbolizes the founding of the Republic.   The multitude of rushing and swarming people (Line 402) represents those that suffered the "internal turmoil" in the early stages of the Republic.   (Short Histories, p21)   When Aeneas mentions, "... and by what rule must some keep off the bank ..." (Lines 419 - 421) he may symbolically be referring to the "Struggle of the Orders" that the early Republic experienced. (Short Histories, p22)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Aeneas wanders through the Underworld, he notices Dido wandering about.   (Lines 593 - 626)   He tries to talk to her, but his words serve no purpose; she flees from him.   He then sees the souls of those who died in battle.

A paper on Stress

In all what follows Is a glimpse Into the way stress exists In my life, how applying a new management tool helped, and what I think it all means to me. What is stress? A question that must be answered is â€Å"what is stress? † The National Institute of Mental Health says that stress is â€Å"the brain's response to any demand† (NIMH, 2014) which Is a simple statement that has tremendous ramifications. As we are, at nearly all times, under a demand of one sort or another. But Stress is more than that, as it is also a physiological process.As discussed in our reading the process of stress is not event specific, but rather a generalized response by our nervous system to certain chemicals produced when we are activated. That activation can be a Bear charging us, or a paper that is due, or anything that causes the Sympathetic Nervous system to engage. Because the body only has one set of tools for the response the content, or context, or the â€Å"threat† is almost i rrelevant. It's not relevant because the result, the body's response, Is the same as â€Å"your blood pressure Increases, your heart beats faster, and digestions slows down† (Reader, up. 2).However since our modern stresses are not fleeting, we never out run the bear because the â€Å"bear† is just our boss at work. Our system does not manage itself well anymore. Our nervous system activates and then stays activated, we never reach the â€Å"rest and digest† side of the equation, which is detrimental to both physical and emotional health over time. The detrimental effects of stress over time Our body's inability to tell the difference between a life threatening event and a I OFF of response which can be thought of as â€Å"unresolved survival-related tendencies† (Ogden, et al, Trauma and the Body, 2006, P. 6) is where we get into trouble. Our â€Å"fight or flight† response is a finely tuned emergency reaction system, built over a millennia of evol ution, which is now poorly adapted for our current living Tyler. As noted in the reading even the most recent and sophisticated of our arousal system is ill equipped to handle the daily levels of stress we live with. Living with this unresolved activation can cause â€Å"atrophy in a part of the brain called the hippopotamus† (Reader, up. 9) which affects memory.Continued exposure to the chemical soup that stress releases can impact our immune system, and make us susceptible to â€Å"upper respiratory infections† (Reader, up. 9) and it can lead to weight gain, heart problems, and a litany of other health issues. As that is the case finding a useful tool for mitigating the impact of stress is important. Mindfulness: an applied model of stress reduction To that end I have been practicing Mindfulness. The process of Mindfulness is one of expanding self-awareness.The process has been defined as an acute awareness of personal experience that occurs without Judgment (Davis & Hayes, 2011). In short to be mindful is to be open to the full experience of the body in a way that is not recriminating, to allow the way the body feels to inform one of the status of the body. In my case I applied it, Mindfulness, as a process of somatic and emotional wariness. To that end I would sit, or walk, and first focus on my breath. This awareness would allow me to become tuned to my somatic state and to center myself.Once I found my balance I could explore the physical responses I was having to a given stresses. Once I had explored those areas that were embodying the stress I could relax the physical elements, and release the tension. This would allow that regained sense of calm and control to extend into the emotional realm. It is interesting to note that I found that a similar model was useful in physical pain reduction as well. Stress: my ongoing experience As noted stress is a daily presence in my, and most American's, lives. It is pervasive and persistent and, as ou r reading has shown, dangerous.My Stress Log, maintained from the 17th of July 2014 to the 1 lath of August 2014, has been both interesting and at times irritating. My results offered me an opportunity to note that my experience with stress is more regular and pervasive than I had thought. The log has given me insight into a set of recurring stresses that I live with, which affect me almost daily, which I am working to contend with. My number one stresses is my espouse to people that abuse my time. I am a fairly ordered person and so I enjoy a life that is structured. I am where I say I will be at the time I say I will be there.When others are late, or interfere with my plans, it activates me. My stress levels skyrocket. Another ongoing battle with stress comes from traffic, I hate sitting in traffic. There used to be a pattern to traffic in the bay area, a clock you could be aware of and use to stay clear of traffic Jams. Now there is no logic to the mess, no time there aren't too many people on the road, and no way to avoid the headache. It does not sit well with me. Finally there is a constant stresses in my life that is both unmanageable and inescapable, my Father.Our relationship has never been great and now it's devolved into a place where I am sort of the hired help. Every time my phone rings and I see it daily (at times hourly) stress events I have been applying the process of Mindfulness, and the results have been pretty good. Conclusion After 4 weeks of use and training myself to think â€Å"mindfully' I can engage the process of mindfulness as needed, with varying degrees of success. My ability to feel my own espouses is steadily improving, and that ability allows me to â€Å"get ahead† of the moment.I am responding, rather than reacting to, things like my Father, or Traffic, or any of a number of other issues on a daily basis. This has enabled me to feel more in control and generally happier as I navigate my day. It has brought me enough re lief that I am working to get my wife involved in the process. Before my log I didn't think I was so engaged with stress, now I see that it is my constant companion. With that knowledge and given my new understanding of the harmful effects of stress on the odd, the opportunity to learn Mindfulness (and other moderation techniques) has been enjoyable and helpful.

Essay on The Morality of CCTV - 2276 Words

The Morality of CCTV Closed-circuit television is widely used in England as a deterrent to crime. It is also used sparingly in Scotland, Times Square, and Atlantic City. The idea is to capture crimes or images of potential criminals on video surveillance tape so that the criminal can be identified. The dilemma of this practice comes from the moral conflict it creates. Do the civil liberties and privacy issues that are taken away justify the protection and safety that CCTV provides? This paper will look at the moral, statistical, and ethical issues of CCTV. It will look at whether CCTV reduces crime significantly enough to justify the moral and ethical violations it produces. CCTV has had its share of successes. One of the greatest†¦show more content†¦2 CCTV has been a great failure in many areas of the United States. Times Square installed surveillance cameras for 22 months. The cameras produced only 10 arrests and were subsequently taken down. 3 The New York Times called it â€Å"One of the greatest flops along the Great White Way.† Atlantic City, New Jersey had even less success with surveillance cameras. Cameras there produced no arrests. The cameras were taken down there, too. 3 Miami Beach, Newark, White Plains, and Mount Vernon have also taken down cameras after they proved to be a failure. 3 England is where CCTV is most prevalent. But the experiment has met with mixed results there, too. The Telegraph offered the following report. â€Å" A series of studies†¦, including one by the Home Office itself, suggests that in some towns it has merely pushed crime into other areas or that its initial impact fades rapidly. 3 The paper reports that in Newcastle crime merely fell into areas beyond the view of the cameras. 3 A research study by the South Bank University in London studied the effect of CCTV in London. It showed that crime dropped by 13% in areas monitored by CCTV. But at the same time crime dropped by 18% in areas not under surveillance by CCTV. Furthermore, in the areas monitored by CCTV, theft was up 15%, and robberies were up 33%. 3 We also must lookShow MoreRelated International Business: The Importance of Ethics in Business1636 Words   |  7 Pageshit the Yangtze river causing it to flood much of the surrounding area. This flooding caused an estimated blablabla in damage and drove hundreds of thousands of people from their homes. In order to help the people who were affected by the flood, CCTV organized a charity drive in which people could pledge money devoted to aiding all those affected. During the broadcast, many companies and corporations pledged RMB to the unfortunate families. 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